Held March 16 to 20, 2004 in Spokane, Washington

Contents

Opening Session. On the Trail of Lewis and Clark: The Quest for Conservation

Opening Remarks of the 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Rollin D. Sparrowe

Remarks of the U. S. National Park Service Director, Fran P. Mainella

A Balancing Act: Partnering to Provide Water and Power in an Environmentally Sensitive World, John W. Keys, III

The Quest for Quantifying Conservation Reserve Program Benefits, Michael Yost

Special Session One. Managing Mammalian Predators and Their Populations to Avoid Conflicts

Opening Remarks, James E. Miller.

Reconciling Science and Politics in Puma Management in the West: New Mexico as a Template, Kenneth A. Logan, Linda L. Sweanor and Maurice GHornocker

Predator Management in Alaska: Insight into a Historically Intractable Issue, Cynthia A. Jacobson, Daniel J. Decker, Tommy L. Brown and Jeffrey H Hughes

Coyote Attacks: An Increasing Suburban Problem, Robert M Timm, Rex 0. Baker, Joe R. Bennett and Craig C. Coolahan

Restoration and Conflict Management of the Gray Wolf in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, Edward E. Bangs, Joseph Fontaine, T homas Meier, Carter Niemeyer, Michael Jimenez, Douglas Smith, Curt Mack, Val Asher, Larry Handegard, Mark Collinge, Rod Krischke, Carolyn Sime, Steve Nadeau and Dave Moody

Management of Habituated Grizzly Bears in North America: Report from a Workshop, Kerry A. Gunther, Kathy Tonnessen, Peter Dratch and Chris Servheen

Collaborative Models for Wildlife Conservation in the Northern Rockies, Sterling D. Miller, Nina Faschione, Minette Johnson, Tom France and Suzanne Stone

Seasonal Reduction of Medium-sized Mammalian Predator Populations to Enhance Waterfowl Production: An Evaluation of Biological Factors and Barriers to Adoption, Frank C. Rohwer, Jonathan Scarth and Rob Olson

Special Session Two. Our Water Resources: A Candidate for Listing?

The Colorado River-Managing a Critical Resource, William E. Rinne

Managing the St. Lawrence River Discharge in Times of Climactic Uncertainty: How Water Quantity Affects Wildlife, Recreation and the Economy, Christiane Hudon

Our Water Resources: A Candidate for Listing? The Blackfoot Experience, Stan Bradshaw

Special Session Three. Producing Energy and Conserving Wildlife

Contrasting the Potential Effects of Biomass Fuel, Soy-based Fuel, Ethanol and Wind Energy Developments on Northern Great Plains Wildlife, Kenneth F. Higgins, Robert G. Osborn, David E. Naugle and Kristel K. Bakker

Hydropower Relicensing and Hatchery Reform, Jeff Curtis

Bird Responses to Harvesting Switchgrass Fields for Biomass, Louis B. Best and Les D. Murray

Surface Mining and Wildlife Resources: Addition and Subtraction on the Cumberland Plateau,

Effect of Energy Development and Human Activity on the Use of Sand Sagebrush Habitat by Lesser Prairie chickens in Southwestern Kansas, Robert J. Robel, John A. Harrington, Jr., Christian A. Hagan, James C. Pitman and Ryan R. Reker.

Assessing Impacts of Oil and Gas Development on Mule Deer, Hall Sawyer and Frederick Lindzey

Public Lands, Energy and Wildlife-Can We Have It All?, Rebecca W Watson

Drilling in the Rocky Mountains: How Much and at What Cost?, Pete Morton, Chris Weller, Janice Thomson, Michelle Haefele and Nada Culver

Special Session Four. Fire Management: Burning Issues

The Challenging World of Fire Emissions, Wildlife Habitats, Hazardous Fuels and Ecosystem Health, Dennis Haddow and James Lawrence

The Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003-Unforeseen Circumstances, Jack Ward Thomas and Nicholas Noble

The Culture of Fire in the Southeast, William E. Palmer, Kevin M Robertson and Ron E. Masters

Prescribed Bums and Large Carnivores in South Florida: Can Fire Be Too Much of a Good Thing, David S. Maehr and Jeffery L. Larkin

Real Fire Restoration Deserves Real Funding, Sean Cosgrove

Special Session Five. Wildlife on Wheels: The Marketing of Today's Outdoor Experience

Management Opportunities and Obligations for Mitigating Off-road Vehicle Impacts to Wildlife and Their Habitats, Robert H. Holsman

Safe and Responsible All-terrain Vehicle Use in the United States, Thomas S. Yager

Wildlife on Wheels: Marketing Today's Wildlife Experience on The Outdoor Channel, Jake Hartwick and Chris Chaffin

Effects of Off-road Vehicles on the Hunting Experience, Stan Rauch

Wildlife for Persons with Disabilities: Making the Outdoors Accessible through the Use of Motorized Vehicles, Kirk Thomas and Illana Burkhart

Special Session Six. Policy Implications from Long-term Studies of Mule Deer and Elk: A Synthesis of the Starkey Project

The Starkey Project: Long-term Research for Long-term Management Solutions, Thomas M Quigley and Michael J. Wisdom

Overview of the Starkey Project: Mule Deer and Elk Research for Management Benefits, Michael J. Wisdom, Mary M Rowland, Bruce K. Johnson, and Brian L. Dick

The Starkey Databases: Spatial-Environmental Relations of North American Elk, Mule Deer and Cattle at Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in Northeastern Oregon, John G. Kie, Alan A. Ager, Norman J. Cimon, Michael J. Wisdom, Mary M Rowland, Priscilla K. Coe, Scott L. Findholt, Bruce K. Johnson and Marvin Vavra

Effects of Roads on Elk: Implications for Management in Forested Ecosystems, Mary M Rowland, Michael J. Wisdom, Bruce K. Johnson and Mark A. Penninger

Spatial Partitioning by Mule Deer and Elk in Relation to Traffic, Michael J. Wisdom, Norman J. Cimon, Bruce K. Johnson, Edward O. Garton and Jack Ward Thomas

Effects of Off-road Recreation on Mule Deer and Elk, Michael J. Wisdom, Alan A. Ager, Haiganoush K. Preisler, Norman J. Cimon and Bruce K. Johnson

Issues of Elk Productivity for Research and Management, Bruce K. Johnson, Michael J. Wisdom and John G. Cook

Influence of Age of Males and Nutritional Condition on Short and Long-term Reproductive Success of Elk, James H. Noyes, Bruce K. Johnson, Brian L. Dick and John G Kie

Nutritional Condition Indices for Elk: The Good (and Less Good), the Bad and the Ugly, Rachel C. Cook, John G. Cook, Dennis L. Murray, Pete Zager, Bruce K. Johnson and Michael W. Gratson

Nutrition and Parturition Date Effects on Elk: Potential Implications for Research and Management, John G. Cook, Bruce K. Johnson, Rachel C. Cook, Robert A. Riggs, Tim De/Curto, Larry D. Bryant and Larry L. Irwin

Elk and Mule Deer Responses to Variation in Hunting Pressure, Bruce K. Johnson, Alan A. Ager, James H. Noyes and Norm Cimon

Movements and Habitat Use of Rocky Mountain Elk and Mule Deer, Alan A. Ager, Haiganoush K. Preisler, Bruce K. Johnson and John G. Kie

Spatial and Temporal Interactions of Elk, Mule Deer and Cattle, Priscilla K. Coe, Bruce K. Johnson, Kelley M Stewart and John G. Kie

Diet Composition, Dry Matter Intake and Diet Overlap of Mule Deer, Elk and Cattle, Scott L. Findholt, Bruce K. Johnson, Daalkhaijav Damiran, Tim De/Curto and John G. Kie

Landscape Simulation of Foraging by Elk, Mule Deer and Cattle on Summer Range, Alan A. Ager, Bruce K. Johnson, Priscilla K. Coe and Michael J. Wisdom

Thermal Cover Needs of Large Ungulates: A Review of Hypothesis Tests, John C. Cook, Larry L. Irwin, Larry D. Bryant, Robert A. Riggs, Jack Ward Thomas

Cattle and Elk Responses to Intensive Timber Harvest, Michael J. Wisdom, Bruce K. Johnson, Martin Vavra, Jennifer M Boyd, Priscilla K. Coe, John G. Kie, Alan A. Ager and Norman J. Cimon

Management Implications of Ungulate Herbivory in Northwest Forest Ecosystems, Robert A. Riggs, John G. Cook and Larry L. Irwin

The Role of Ungulate Herbivory and Management on Ecosystem Patterns and Processes: Future Direction of the Starkey Project, Martin Vavra, Michael J. Wisdom, John G. Kie, John G. Cook and Robert A. Riggs

Has the Starkey Project Delivered on Its Commitments?, Jack Ward Thomas and Michael J. Wisdom

Published annually since 1915, the Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference provide a unique and informative record of the direction and momentum of professional natural resource management. Tracking current research and management emphases and the perspectives and approaches to meeting the challenges to sustaining and conserving North America's wildlife and their habitats, the Transactions is a valuable reference for all who deal with the complexities and intricacies of natural resource issues, policies and programs.